What the study found
Hybrid AI-generated feedback prompted the most revisions, compared with directive feedback and metacognitive feedback. Confidence ratings were uniformly high, and resource quality outcomes were comparable across the three feedback types.
Why the authors say this matters
The authors conclude that AI can deliver feedback that balances clarity with reflection. They suggest hybrid approaches may be especially useful because they combine elements of directive and metacognitive feedback, although more work is needed to assess broader impact.
What the researchers tested
The researchers ran a semester-long randomised controlled trial with 329 students in an introductory design and programming course using an adaptive educational platform. Students were assigned to receive directive feedback, metacognitive feedback, or hybrid AI-generated feedback that blended both approaches.
What worked and what didn't
Revision behaviour differed by condition: the hybrid feedback prompted the most revisions. Confidence ratings did not differ meaningfully, as they were uniformly high, and resource quality was comparable across conditions.
What to keep in mind
The abstract does not describe detailed limitations beyond noting that more work is required to evaluate broader impact. The findings are limited to the course, platform, and feedback conditions studied.
Key points
- Hybrid AI-generated feedback led to the most student revisions.
- Directive and metacognitive feedback did not outperform the hybrid approach on revision behaviour.
- Confidence ratings were uniformly high across all feedback conditions.
- Resource quality outcomes were comparable across the three conditions.
- The study was a semester-long randomised controlled trial with 329 students.
Disclosure
- Research title:
- Hybrid AI feedback prompted the most student revisions
- Authors:
- Omar Ali Saleh Alsaiari, Nilufar Baghaei, Jason M. Lodge, Omid Noroozi, Dragan Gašević, Marie Bodén, Hassan Khosravi
- Publication date:
- 2026-02-10
- OpenAlex record:
- View
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