Pseudoacacia Honey of Hungarian and Slovak Origin: Selected Quality Parameters and Antioxidant Capacity

Overview

This study characterizes unifloral pseudoacacia honey specimens collected from Hungary and Slovakia through comprehensive analysis of physicochemical properties, antioxidant capacity, and bioactive compound composition. Pseudoacacia (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) serves as a significant honey source in central European regions despite its invasive status. The research establishes baseline quality parameters for pseudoacacia honey from these geographical origins and examines variability across sampling locations.

Methods and approach

Melissopalynological analysis verified botanical origin of honey samples. Color intensity was assessed using the Pfund scale. Antioxidant activity was measured via three spectrophotometric assays: DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods. Total polyphenol, flavonoid, phenolic acid, and proline content were quantified using spectrophotometric techniques. Electrical conductivity, refractive index, and optical rotation were analyzed according to European Pharmacopoeia 12th edition standards. Samples were sourced from different collection sites within both countries to enable geographical comparison.

Key Findings

Antioxidant capacity, proline content, and phenolic compound profiles demonstrated variation across pseudoacacia honey samples according to geographical origin. Polyphenol content and pollen composition profiles were identified as significant factors influencing the antioxidant properties of unifloral pseudoacacia honeys. Physicochemical parameters, including electrical conductivity and optical rotation, were successfully determined for all specimens. The study establishes that geographic sourcing and floral composition substantially modulate the biochemical profile of pseudoacacia honey.

Implications

The documented geographical variation in antioxidant capacity and bioactive compound content of pseudoacacia honey has relevance for honey classification standards and geographical designation systems in central European honey production. The relationship between pollen profile and antioxidant properties supports the use of melissopalynological analysis as a complementary parameter in honey quality assessment. Results contribute empirical data on pseudoacacia honey composition that may inform regulatory frameworks and commercial honey characterization in producing regions.