What the study found
The study found that major competency achievement among female cosmetology students was highest for creativity, communication, and empathy, followed by problem solving and then science and art convergence. Overall achievement averaged 4.09 points, and it was higher in the fourth year than in other years.
Why the authors say this matters
The authors conclude that the core competencies required vary by major. They say this means curriculum design and teaching and learning methods should be differentiated according to each major’s characteristics.
What the researchers tested
The researchers examined the level of achievement in major competencies among female college students majoring in beauty. They also looked at differences by year and major, and at correlations among science and art convergence ability, problem-solving ability, and creativity, communication, and empathy ability.
What worked and what didn't
The study reported the highest overall scores for creativity, communication, and empathy, with a mean of 4.14, followed by problem solving at 4.10 and science and art convergence at 4.04. Among majors, skin care showed the highest scientific understanding, skin care and cosmetics showed the highest decision-making, and cosmetics showed the highest customer management and communication.
What to keep in mind
The abstract does not describe sample size, measurement details, or other limitations. It also does not report the exact methods used to analyze the data beyond the correlations and comparisons described.
Key points
- Overall major competency achievement averaged 4.09 points.
- Creativity, communication, and empathy had the highest mean score among the listed competencies.
- Major competency achievement was higher in the fourth year than in other years.
- Science and art convergence ability was positively correlated with problem-solving ability and with creativity, communication, and empathy ability.
- Problem-solving ability was positively correlated with creativity, communication, and empathy ability.
Disclosure
- Research title:
- Competency levels varied by major among female cosmetology students
- Authors:
- Won-Jin Baek, Sun-Hyoung Kim
- Publication date:
- 2026-02-25
- OpenAlex record:
- View
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