What the study found
Elevated temperature was the dominant factor speeding up lithium-ion cell degradation during vehicle-to-grid (V2G) cycling, especially at high storage state of charge (SOC, the amount of charge in the cell) and at larger cycle depths.
Why the authors say this matters
The authors conclude that the findings support the viability of V2G use during electric vehicle idle or charging periods, and they say it may offer potential operational benefits in cost reduction and emissions savings. They also introduce a V2X capability metric as a proposed cell-level specification, along with an experimental evaluation method.
What the researchers tested
The researchers used real-world V2G data from commercial electric vehicle battery chargers and tested commercially available cylindrical lithium-ion cells. The cells were exposed to long-term storage and V2G cycling under different state of charge, depth of discharge (DOD, how much charge is used in a cycle), and temperature conditions.
What worked and what didn't
The ageing results showed that 40 °C accelerated degradation the most. Shallow V2G cycling at 30–50% SOC produced capacity fade comparable to storage at high SOC (at least 80% SOC), while higher cycle depths of 30–80% SOC and 30–95% SOC were associated with increased degradation.
What to keep in mind
The abstract does not provide detailed limitations beyond the stated test conditions. The reported findings come from the specific cell type, cycling conditions, and storage periods described in the study.
Key points
- Elevated temperature, especially 40 °C, was the main driver of faster cell ageing.
- High storage SOC (above 80%) and deeper cycle depths were linked to more degradation.
- Shallow V2G cycling at 30–50% SOC caused capacity fade similar to high-SOC storage.
- The authors report that 62% of a full equivalent cycle of V2G cycling can be achieved daily without compromising lifetime.
- The paper proposes a V2X capability metric and an experimental evaluation method.
Disclosure
- Research title:
- V2G cycling impact on lithium-ion cell lifetime depends strongly on temperature
- Authors:
- George Darikas, Mehmet Cagin Kirca, Nessa Fereshteh Saniee, Muhammad Rashid, Ihsan Mert Muhaddisoglu, Truong Quang Dinh, Andrew McGordon
- Institutions:
- University of Warwick
- Publication date:
- 2026-01-08
- OpenAlex record:
- View
- Image credit:
- Photo by JosepMonter on Pixabay · Pixabay License
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