Toughness

  1. Heat treatment improved strength and hardness in WAAM Inconel 718
    Heat treatment at 1100 °C enhances strength and hardness while slightly reducing impact toughness in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing fabricated Inconel 718 walls.
  2. Biomimicry of Combative Bovids to Revamp a Lightweight, Energy-Absorbing Lattice for High Impact Applications
    Biomimetic lattice structures based on muskox and bighorn sheep anatomy demonstrate enhanced energy absorption with external horns, though material ductility proves more critical than geometry.