-
Upper thoracic rib deflection was excessive in side oblique pole tests
Numerical study of upper thoracic rib deflection in the WorldSID-50M dummy during side oblique pole impacts reveals that arm-thorax interaction contributes minimally to excessive deflection.
-
Rear seat intrusion can intensify thoracic injury in rear impacts
Case and crash-test analysis showing underride-driven rear seat pan contacting the rearward-rotating front seatback produced bottoming-out impulses that substantially amplified thoracic loading.